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Non-Invasive Particle Size Monitoring of Polymer-Based Vectors for Cell Transfection in Process Vessels
Transfection is a critical mechanism in gene delivery, enabling the delivery of genetic material such as DNA or RNA into target cells. Various transfection methods are available, including chemical, physical, and biological approaches, each with advantages and limitations.
A key challenge in transfection is achieving precise control over the size and dispersity of transfection vectors, such as polymer or cation complexes with biomolecules, liposomes, viruses, and other delivery systems. Smaller particles are more readily internalized by cells, while larger aggregates may hinder cellular uptake or trigger immune responses. Understanding these vectors’ formation mechanisms, and complexation kinetics by monitoring their size is thus essential to ensure good transfection.4 Additionally, ensuring sterility during reagent preparation is crucial for an uncontaminated and reliable drug end product.
A well-established method for synthesizing transfection vectors is the complexation of a positively charged molecule—typically a polymer or lipid—with a negatively charged biomolecule, such as RNA or DNA.
In this study, we monitor the complexation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), a protein with polyethyleneimine (PEI), a cationic polymer commonly used as a gene carrier. The PEI/BSA complexes (Figure 1) serve as a representative model for transfection vectors.
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